Keirn, Tim, and Eileen Luhi. “Subject Matter Counts: The Pre-Service Teaching and Learning of Historical Thinking.” (2012)

An essay is presented in which the authors argue that the role of history departments in training pre-service history and social science teachers in California was on the decline as of August 2012. The authors argue that historical thinking in pre-service teaching programs requires teacher candidates to have what they term deep historical knowledge. They also argue that new teachers with such knowledge perform better in student-teaching than their peers who are lacking in that knowledge.